American Indian and African American students are disproportionately represented in special education programs in Minnesota. This manual provides data and analysis of the causes of disproportional representation, its positive and negative impacts, and legal requirements of school districts for reducing bias in assessment practices. The twelve chapters, reference list, and three appendices may be downloaded individually.

Harvard’s Achievement Gap initiative offers a very extensive collection of videos on issues and solutions relevant to the achievement gap.  Some videos are accompanied by PowerPoints.   Among the many topics are (a) identifying and addressing racial and ethnic disparities; (b) race and socioeconomic differences in school behavior, engagement, and time on homework; (c) building capacity to serve English language learners; (d) the impact of school and teacher quality; (e) cultural factors; (f) vernacular languages; (g) school reform; (h) roles of families; (i) complementary learning and out-of-school time -- and many, many more.  (The Achievement Gap Initiative is a university-wide ...